ISTQB CT-AI PDF Questions Exam Preparation and Study Guide

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ISTQB CT-AI Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics: In this section, the topics covered are about the challenges in testing created by the self-learning of AI-based systems.
Topic 2	Machine Learning ML: This section includes the classification and regression as part of supervised learning, explaining the factors involved in the selection of ML algorithms, and demonstrating underfitting and overfitting.
Topic 3	Neural Networks and Testing: This section of the exam covers defining the structure and function of a neural network including a DNN and the different coverage measures for neural networks.
Topic 4	Testing AI-Based Systems Overview: In this section, focus is given to how system specifications for AI-based systems can create challenges in testing and explain automation bias and how this affects testing.
Topic 5	ML Functional Performance Metrics: In this section, the topics covered include how to calculate the ML functional performance metrics from a given set of confusion matrices.
Topic 6	systems from those required for conventional systems.
Topic 7	Test Environments for AI-Based Systems: This section is about factors that differentiate the test environments for AI-based
Topic 8	Using AI for Testing: In this section, the exam topics cover categorizing the AI technologies used in software testing.
Topic 9	Introduction to AI: This exam section covers topics such as the AI effect and how it influences the definition of AI. It covers how to distinguish between narrow AI, general AI, and super AI; moreover, the topics covered include describing how standards apply to AI-based systems.
Topic 10	Quality Characteristics for AI-Based Systems: This section covers topics covered how to explain the importance of flexibility and adaptability as characteristics of AI-based systems and describes the vitality of managing evolution for AI-based systems. It also covers how to recall the characteristics that make it difficult to use AI-based systems in safety-related applications.

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ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Exam Sample Questions (Q28-Q33):

NEW QUESTION # 28
A system was developed for screening the X-rays of patients for potential malignancy detection (skin cancer). A workflow system has been developed to screen multiple cancers by using several individually trained ML models chained together in the workflow.
Testing the pipeline could involve multiple kind of tests (I - III):
I . Pairwise testing of combinations
II . Testing each individual model for accuracy
III . A/B testing of different sequences of models
Which ONE of the following options contains the kinds of tests that would be MOST APPROPRIATE to include in the strategy for optimal detection?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. I and II
B. Only III
C. I and III
D. Only II

Answer: A

Explanation:
The question asks which combination of tests would be most appropriate to include in the strategy for optimal detection in a workflow system using multiple ML models.
Pairwise testing of combinations (I): This method is useful for testing interactions between different components in the workflow to ensure they work well together, identifying potential issues in the integration.
Testing each individual model for accuracy (II): Ensuring that each model in the workflow performs accurately on its own is crucial before integrating them into a combined workflow.
A/B testing of different sequences of models (III): This involves comparing different sequences to determine which configuration yields the best results. While useful, it might not be as fundamental as pairwise and individual accuracy testing in the initial stages.
Reference:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 9.2 on Pairwise Testing and Section 9.3 on Testing ML Models emphasize the importance of testing interactions and individual model accuracy in complex ML workflows.

NEW QUESTION # 29
Which ONE of the following hardware is MOST suitable for implementing Al when using ML?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Hardware supporting high precision floating point operations.
B. 64-bit CPUs.
C. Hardware supporting fast matrix multiplication.
D. High powered CPUs.

Answer: C

Explanation:
A . 64-bit CPUs.
While 64-bit CPUs are essential for handling large amounts of memory and performing complex computations, they are not specifically optimized for the types of operations commonly used in machine learning.
B . Hardware supporting fast matrix multiplication.
Matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation in many machine learning algorithms, especially in neural networks and deep learning. Hardware optimized for fast matrix multiplication, such as GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), is most suitable for implementing AI and ML because it can handle the parallel processing required for these operations efficiently.
C . High powered CPUs.
High powered CPUs are beneficial for general-purpose computing tasks and some aspects of ML, but they are not as efficient as specialized hardware like GPUs for matrix multiplication and other ML-specific tasks.
D . Hardware supporting high precision floating point operations.
High precision floating point operations are important for scientific computing and some specific AI tasks, but for many ML applications, fast matrix multiplication is more critical than high precision alone.
Therefore, the correct answer is B because hardware supporting fast matrix multiplication, such as GPUs, is most suitable for the parallel processing requirements of machine learning.

NEW QUESTION # 30
Which ONE of the following describes a situation of back-to-back testing the LEAST?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Comparison of the results of a neural network ML model with a current decision tree ML model for the same data.
B. Comparison of the results of a home-grown neural network model ML model with results in a neural network model implemented in a standard implementation (for example Pytorch) for same data
C. Comparison of the results of a current neural network model ML model implemented in platform A (for example Pytorch) with a similar neural network model ML model implemented in platform B (for example Tensorflow), for the same data.
D. Comparison of the results of the current neural network ML model on the current data set with a slightly modified data set.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Back-to-back testing is a method where the same set of tests are run on multiple implementations of the system to compare their outputs. This type of testing is typically used to ensure consistency and correctness by comparing the outputs of different implementations under identical conditions. Let's analyze the options given:
A . Comparison of the results of a current neural network model ML model implemented in platform A (for example Pytorch) with a similar neural network model ML model implemented in platform B (for example Tensorflow), for the same data.
This option describes a scenario where two different implementations of the same type of model are being compared using the same dataset. This is a typical back-to-back testing situation.
B . Comparison of the results of a home-grown neural network model ML model with results in a neural network model implemented in a standard implementation (for example Pytorch) for the same data.
This option involves comparing a custom implementation with a standard implementation, which is also a typical back-to-back testing scenario to validate the custom model against a known benchmark.
C . Comparison of the results of a neural network ML model with a current decision tree ML model for the same data.
This option involves comparing two different types of models (a neural network and a decision tree). This is not a typical scenario for back-to-back testing because the models are inherently different and would not be expected to produce identical results even on the same data.
D . Comparison of the results of the current neural network ML model on the current data set with a slightly modified data set.
This option involves comparing the outputs of the same model on slightly different datasets. This could be seen as a form of robustness testing or sensitivity analysis, but not typical back-to-back testing as it doesn't involve comparing multiple implementations.
Based on this analysis, option C is the one that describes a situation of back-to-back testing the least because it compares two fundamentally different models, which is not the intent of back-to-back testing.

NEW QUESTION # 31
Which ONE of the following options represents a technology MOST TYPICALLY used to implement Al?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Genetic algorithms
B. Search engines
C. Procedural programming
D. Case control structures

Answer: A

Explanation:
* Technology Most Typically Used to Implement AI: Genetic algorithms are a well-known technique used in AI . They are inspired by the process of natural selection and are used to find approximate solutions to optimization and search problems. Unlike search engines, procedural programming, or case control structures, genetic algorithms are specifically designed for evolving solutions and are commonly employed in AI implementations.
* Reference: ISTQB_CT-AI_Syllabus_v1.0, Section 1.4 AI Technologies, which identifies different technologies used to implement AI.

NEW QUESTION # 32
Which ONE of the following options is the MOST APPROPRIATE stage of the ML workflow to set model and algorithm hyperparameters?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Deploying the model
B. Data testing
C. Evaluating the model
D. Tuning the model

Answer: D

Explanation:
Setting model and algorithm hyperparameters is an essential step in the machine learning workflow, primarily occurring during the tuning phase.
Evaluating the model (A): This stage involves assessing the model's performance using metrics and does not typically include the setting of hyperparameters.
Deploying the model (B): Deployment is the stage where the model is put into production and used in real-world applications. Hyperparameters should already be set before this stage.
Tuning the model (C): This is the correct stage where hyperparameters are set. Tuning involves adjusting the hyperparameters to optimize the model's performance.
Data testing (D): Data testing involves ensuring the quality and integrity of the data used for training and testing the model. It does not include setting hyperparameters.
Hence, the most appropriate stage of the ML workflow to set model and algorithm hyperparameters is C. Tuning the model.
Reference:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 3.2 on the ML Workflow outlines the different stages of the ML process, including the tuning phase where hyperparameters are set.
Sample Exam Questions document, Question #31 specifically addresses the stage in the ML workflow where hyperparameters are configured.

NEW QUESTION # 33
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